This article presents the results of a study on the species composition of wood-dwelling nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus in the Zhytomyr and Volyn Polissia regions of Ukraine. In 2021–2022, Scots pine wood samples were collected, from which nematodes were extracted, fixed, and identified using standard methods. Based on morphometric data, five species were identified: Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, B. sexdentati, B. eggersi, B. chitwoodi, and B. leoni. The latter two species are recorded in Ukraine for the first time. The frequency of occurrence varied significantly across locations, warranting further investigation. A comparative analysis with previously studied areas of Chernihiv and Kyiv Polissia revealed species similarity. The findings highlight the need for continued monitoring, given the quarantine significance of B. xylophilus, which has not yet been detected in Ukraine.